28 May

Acetylated Wood: Performance-Driven Timber for Exterior Applications

By Devon Maurer In CHARRED WOOD, Exterior Cladding, Featured In The News, Wood University / 1 No Comments

With an increased industry focus on sustainability and product performance, wood continues to be the building material of choice for durability, stability, and eco-consciousness. No other resource captures a unique warmth and beauty while providing the high-performance and adaptability sought after by architects and builders.

While the benefits of wood as a building material far outweigh the cons, natural wood is susceptible to vulnerabilities like moisture, rot, and decay. However, by modifying the wood, these vulnerabilities can be offset to enhance the durability and dimensional stability of wood without compromising its natural beauty or environmental friendliness.

What is Modified Wood?

Wood modification involves the application of a chemical, physical, or biological agent upon the wood to alter the cellular structure and enhance performance. Modified wood is stronger and more resistant to decay through reduced water absorption and expansion/contraction. There are a variety of modification techniques, including thermal modification, chemical modification, and furfurylation, which is a combination of both thermal and chemical modification. This article will focus on the benefits of chemical modification – or acetylation – a chemical reaction that has been used for over 100 years and turns softwood into hardwood by preventing the cells in the wood from absorbing water.

Acetylation: Chemical Modification of Wood

Acetylation is the most established, proven, and effective form of chemical wood modification. Unlike pressure treatment, which forces chemical preservatives into the fibers of the wood in a pressure chamber, acetylation chemically alters the biological structure of the wood.

The Acetylation Process

During the acetylation process, the wood is subjected to an organic reaction with acetic anhydride – a clear, colorless liquid with a strong scent of vinegar (essential, vinegar without the water.) Acetic anhydride reacts to a part of the wood’s cellular structure called free hydroxyls, which allow the absorption and release of water in and out of the wood. The acetylation process converts free hydroxyls into acetyl groups, which water can no longer bind to, significantly reducing the ability of the wood to absorb and retain water.

Wood Selection

Accoya® Wood is the leading example of chemically modified wood, utilizing a cutting edge, proprietary acetylation process. The acetylation of Accoya yields exceptional results for demanding exterior applications like cladding, decking, and more. The processing of producing Accoya begins by responsibly sourcing radiata pine, a high-yield, fast-growing softwood species. Accoya wood is FSC®-Certified, protecting local biodiversity and habitats through a sustainable timber supply chain.

Acetylation Reaction

Once sourced and milled, the wood is subjected to a chemical reaction with acetic anhydride, which occurs in a high-temperature, high-pressure environment, typically around 120° Celsius (248° Fahrenheit). During this phase, the hydroxyl groups (-OH) on large molecules such as lignin and hemicellulose in the plant cell wall react wiht the acetic anhydride and are replaced by acetyl groups (-COCH₃).

Accoya Modified Wood Acetylation Process

Post-Reaction Processing

After the acetylation reaction, the wood undergoes washing and drying to remove residual chemicals and by-products; the finished product is completely non-toxic and certified safe for humans, animals, and the environment.

The resulting acetic acid from the reaction is recovered and purified through a distillation process, which is then recycled back into the acetylation process, effectively regenerating acetic anhydride. This closed-loop system not only reduces the consumption of raw materials, but minimizes the environmental impact associated with the production and disposal of chemicals.

Benefits of Accoya Acetylated Wood

Accoya wood offers many performance, environmental, and aesthetic benefits that make it an excellent alternative to untreated or pressure-treated wood.

High Performance

Compared to untreated wood, swelling and shrinkage in acetylated wood is reduced by 70%-80%. Its dimensional stability allows it to maintain its shape and tight joints in varying humidity and weather conditions. Accoya is highly-proven, having been tested in various environments and real-world conditions, making it an ideal choice for even the most extreme climates.
Accoya wood is exceptionally durable; its durability, or rot resistance, is Class 1, matching and exceeding the performance of nature’s most durable wood like oak and teak.
Accoya wood is backed by a 50 year above ground warranty, and 25 years in ground or freshwater.

Sustainability

Accoya offers much lower lifecycle carbon emissions compared to non-renewable building materials. The acetylation process significantly increases the durability and stability of raw wood, prolonging its useful life and keeping the carbon locked in for longer.
Accoya wood is Forest Stewardship Council® (FSC®) certified, Cradle to Cradle Gold Certified, and the only construction material in the world to achieve C2C Platinum certification for Material Health.
Unlike other materials like PVC and plastic composites, modified wood is 100% recyclable. Accoya wood is nontoxic, safe for the environment, and sustainably sourced from fast-growing forests.

Aesthetics

Visually, acetylated wood is just like any other wood. It maintains the natural beauty and character of unmodified wood with the added benefit of low maintenance.
Accoya wood is ideal for a variety of textures and finishes, and weathers to a natural silver-gray if left untreated. reSAWN TIMBER co. uses proprietary finishing processes that are developed in-house. These techniques allow for:
- Deeper penetration of finishes into the wood for enhanced durability and visual richness.
- Consistent results across product lines due to controlled processes.
- Customizability, allowing finishes to be tailored to specific design needs or environmental conditions.
For those seeking a more enhanced, textured appearance and dramatic aesthetic, Shou Sugi Ban Accoya – offered by reSAWN – is a striking solution. This award-winning charring technique not only enhances exterior durability, but adds depth and richness to the wood’s appearance. The dense outer char layer develops into a uniquely weathered aesthetic over time for timeless elegance.

Acetylated wood is transforming how wood is used in a variety of applications and demanding environments, offering a smart and sustainable alternative to tropical hardwoods and synthetic materials. As the industry prioritizes sustainability, superior performance, and aesthetics, reSAWN TIMBER co., continues to craft innovative, high-performance products with Accoya wood to meet the exacting needs of any project.

Our modified wood solutions are developed in-house with proprietary finishing techniques and undergo a rigorous research and development process to ensure unmatched performance and aesthetics. We provide comprehensive technical insights and support throughout the project lifecycle to empower architects, builders, and contractors to make informed decisions and achieve desired project results.

02 Feb

Sylva™: A Versatile Cladding Solution

By Jocelyn Mahan In Exterior Cladding, In the Field, Inspiring Designs, Interior Cladding, Low Maintenance Finishes, New Products, Sylva, Thermally Modified Wood, Wood University / 2 No Comments

Wood remains a prominent choice in modern architecture and design, and stands out as a leading building material. Given its natural and biodegradable characteristics, debates frequently arise regarding its longevity. As a result, manufacturers of building materials are continually engaging in exploration and innovation to meet evolving demands and preferences. They strive to enhance and discover sustainable solutions, with modified wood emerging as a forefront choice in this endeavor. reSAWN TIMBER co.’s Sylva™ product line is designed with functional and sustainable attributes in mind. This article explores the unique qualities and benefits that make this material a standout choice for various architectural projects.

Lower Embodied Carbon: Domestic Species & Sustainably Sourced
Currently, Sylva consists of locally harvested, FSC®-Certified North American Red Oak. FSC certification ensures that the Sylva product line comes from forests where responsible and sustainable forest management practices are implemented. This includes considerations for biodiversity, ecosystem health, and the rights of local communities. The distance between its harvesting and manufacturing locations is less than three hours, leading to a significant reduction in carbon emissions. Harvesting wood locally reduces the carbon footprint associated with transportation, contributing to an eco-friendly building process. By sourcing materials regionally, builders and architects can support local economies and reduce the environmental impact of their projects.

Natural Aesthetic
One of the most striking features of North American Red Oak is its gorgeous red undertone that delivers a rich and distinctive appearance. The thermal modification process enhances the coloration and boosts the wood’s natural beauty, giving it a warm and elegant aesthetic. One notable aspect of Red Oak is its variability in color, even timber sourced from the same tree can showcase varying shades. This inherent diversity in color lends itself to creating a versatile design, imbuing surfaces with visual depth, complexity, and an added touch of sophistication. The material can be used to seamlessly blend with a variety of design styles, from traditional to modern, making it a multifaceted choice for architects and designers seeking a timeless and visually appealing solution.

Thermally Modified Process
The thermal modification process involves exposing the Red Oak to high temperatures in a controlled environment, altering its chemical composition. This process enhances the wood’s durability, stability, and resistance to decay. As a result, thermally modified Red Oak cladding offers a longer lifespan and requires less maintenance when compared to unfinished wood.

Resistance to Decay
One of the primary concerns with wood cladding is its susceptibility to rot and decay. Thermally modified Red Oak addresses these concerns by becoming highly resistant to decay through the thermal modification process. The high temperatures cause chemical changes in the wood, leading to the modification of its cellular structure. Hemicellulose, one of the wood’s components, is permanently affected. The breakdown of hemicellulose reduces the wood’s ability to absorb and retain water, making it less susceptible to decay. This resistance ensures that the cladding remains durable and maintains its original quality, even in challenging outdoor environments.

Stability and Dimensional Consistency
The thermal modification process not only enhances the wood’s visual appeal but also improves its stability. The timber experiences chemical modification during the process that significantly reduces the timber’s susceptibility to absorb moisture and swell, resulting in a more dimensionally stable material. This stability is crucial in ensuring that the cladding maintains its structural integrity over time, even in varying environmental conditions.

Ease of Maintenance
Sylva requires minimal maintenance when compared to unfinished wood cladding. Its enhanced durability and resistance to decay means that it can withstand the elements without deteriorating. This not only saves time and effort for property owners but also contributes to the material’s longevity and cost-effectiveness.

Wide Range of Color Selection
The Sylva product line includes 13 products, with 5 featuring the Shou Sugi Ban technique during manufacturing. The base color of thermally modified red oak provides a versatile foundation for creating finishes in a wide range of rich tones. The colors range from browns to greys, to Shou Sugi Ban black. These products are suitable for both exterior and interior applications. The carefully chosen color palette was designed with precision to effortlessly blend the wood aesthetics both inside and outside, cultivating an environment that promotes a consistent and harmonious wood-themed aesthetic throughout the entire space.

The versatility and benefits of locally harvested thermally modified wood cladding make Sylva a compelling choice for architects, designers, builders, and even homeowners committed to sustainability and quality. From its sustainable sourcing practices, meticulously managed thermal modification process, and enhanced aesthetic appeal and durability, this material offers a harmonious blend of form and function. As the construction industry continues to prioritize eco-friendly and resilient solutions, Sylva cladding stands out as a reliable and aesthetically pleasing option for various architectural applications.

Contact us to connect with a reSAWN TIMBER co. specification consultant and explore the opportunities for incorporating Sylva™ Thermally Modified Red Oak into your next project.

02 Feb

Domestic Wood Species: Select with Sustainability and Carbon Emissions in Mind

By Blake Huang In Exterior Cladding, In the Field, Inspiring Designs, Thermally Modified Wood, Wood University / 3 No Comments

In the world of architectural design and construction, the choice of building materials plays a pivotal role, influencing the aesthetic appeal and a structure’s sustainable commitment and functional aspects. With the growing emphasis on sustainability and reducing carbon emissions, staying well-informed and possessing the knowledge to design and build with sustainable materials has become more crucial by the day.

According to The Institution of Structural Engineers, the building and construction industry is responsible for 40% of annual carbon dioxide emissions. Choosing appropriate building materials represents the first step in decarbonizing the building and construction sectors. The global popularity of using renewable, biogenic building materials is rising due to high sustainability awareness. A building product’s embodied carbon accounts for all the carbon emissions released throughout the product’s entire supply chain and life cycle. When opting for a building material, consideration should be given to all factors influencing carbon emissions throughout its entire life span.

Beginning as raw material, wood functions as a carbon sink, actively storing carbon dioxide from the environment. Contrary to the prevailing belief that harvesting trees disrupts the ecosystem and diminishes the photosynthesis process, wood remains a carbon sink even after being harvested. The regrowth of trees following harvest plays a crucial role in sustaining and balancing the ecosystem. Throughout the regrowth process, trees absorb carbon from the atmosphere. In addition, when forestry is managed sustainably with a focus on biodiversity, the diversity of the ecosystem provides an environment for microorganisms to thrive. These microorganisms actively contribute to soil restoration and enhance the productivity of emerging forests. Consequently, the soil gains capacity as a carbon store, effectively mitigating carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere.

A significant factor influencing the embodied carbon of a building product is transportation. Arup’s Embodied Carbon report highlights that the logistics involved in transporting raw materials to the factory contribute to 8-10% of the embodied carbon while transporting the finished product to the construction site accounts for 50-55%. The sourcing of materials holds paramount importance in determining the embodied carbon of building materials, impacting manufacturers and the decisions of architects and builders.

Timber stands out as one of the most natural construction materials, boasting lower carbon intensity in manufacturing, transportation, and construction than synthetic or man-made alternatives. Timber continuously contributes to regulating carbon emissions throughout its lifecycle. It plays a pivotal role in attaining a net-zero balance. Opting for locally sourced, sustainably harvested wood products is an additional catalyst for advancing the global pursuit of a sustainable future.

Sylva™ Thermally Modified North American Red Oak
Dedicated to fostering a sustainable future, reSAWN TIMBER co. is committed to offering responsibly sourced wood products without compromising structural integrity or aesthetics. The Sylva product line embodies this commitment, showcasing a domestic species harvested from FSC©-Certified, polyculture forests in Pennsylvania, where reSAWN is based. Locally sourced North American Red Oak minimizes transportation-related carbon emissions, aligning with eco-friendly building practices. In the architectural design and construction stages of a project, opting for building materials sourced and produced domestically significantly contributes to minimizing the environmental footprint associated with construction projects.

Contact us to speak with a reSAWN TIMBER co. specification consultant about utilizing a domestic wood species for your next project.

resawn-timber-co-thermally-modified-wood-sylva-

17 Jan

Behind the Scenes of a Modern Cladding Solution: Thermally Modified Wood

By Jocelyn Mahan In Exterior Cladding, In the Field, Inspiring Designs, Thermally Modified Wood, Wood University / 1 No Comments

For centuries wood has been a popular and traditional material for various applications and its timeless appeal continues to endure in modern times. Its versatility, sustainability, and aesthetic qualities make it a preferred choice for a wide range of building uses, from commercial to residential applications.

As the popularity of wood continues to grow in the construction and design industry, manufacturers are actively developing new technologies to expand the product offerings. This effort caters to the increasing demand and aims to elevate the performance and sustainability of wood in construction and design applications. Among these methods, thermal modification stands out as a process that transforms wood into a material with improved durability, stability, and aesthetic qualities. This article delves into the various aspects of thermally modified wood, exploring the process and the remarkable benefits it brings.

Thermal modification is an eco-friendly process that involves altering wood using heat energy, omitting the use of additional chemicals. The heart of the process lies in the thermal modification itself. Wood undergoes controlled heating in an oxygen-deprived environment, while gradually raising the heat to the desired temperature. Precise control is exercised to ensure uniform heating throughout the material. This process induces structural changes within the wood, enhancing its properties without risking combustion.

The wood is maintained at an elevated temperature for a specified duration, allowing the thermal modification to permeate its cellular structure. This cooking phase is pivotal for achieving the desired physical and chemical transformations. The controlled application of elevated temperatures in the absence of oxygen leads to several changes in the cellular components of wood, including hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin—which are three major components that contribute to the overall mechanical properties of wood.

Hemicellulose Decomposition
Hemicellulose, a polymer comprised of sugars found in timber, constitutes a significant portion of wood, accounting for 20-35% of its dry weight. It plays a crucial role in moisture absorption and facilitates cross-linking among cellular components. During thermal modification, hemicellulose undergoes decomposition, leading to a decrease in its content. This process releases water vapor and other volatile compounds from the timber. The reduced hemicellulose content decreases the timber’s capacity to absorb and release moisture, thereby improving its overall stability.

Cellulose Crystallinity
Cellulose, a fibrous structure serving as the primary constituent of wood fiber, plays a pivotal role in enhancing the strength and rigidity of wood. The crystalline regions of cellulose are well-organized and tightly packed. The degree of cellulose crystallinity in wood influences the wood’s physical properties, such as strength and stiffness. The heat treatment causes the cellulose chains to become more ordered and crystalline, increasing its stiffness. This alteration contributes to improved dimensional stability and reduced susceptibility to swelling and shrinking when exposed to changes in moisture levels.

Lignin Modification
Lignin is a complex polymer that holds cellulose fibers together. It acts as a binding substance and provides structural support and rigidity to wood. At higher temperatures during thermal modification, lignin depolymerizes and breaks down into smaller fragments. The heat energy then redistributes and recondenses these broken lignin fragments. The reorganization of these fragments can contribute to an increase in lignin content, resulting in altered characteristics such as improved dimensional stability.

Lignin is the primary contributor to the natural brown color of wood. Various wood processing methods can modify or eliminate lignin content, thereby influencing the wood’s color. Thermal modification tends to contribute to the enhanced coloration of the wood, often resulting in a darker and more uniform appearance.

Cooling Phase
Following the thermal modification, a carefully managed cooling phase follows to prevent abrupt temperature changes that could compromise the integrity of the modified wood. By managing the cooling phase correctly, the risk of structural damage to the wood is minimized. Slow cooling helps prevent surface irregularities, such as warping or cupping, which might occur if the wood experiences sudden temperature fluctuations.

In summary, thermal modification process changes the cellular characteristics and interaction among hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. These alterations enhance the mechanical properties of the wood, resulting in improved dimensional stability, reduced susceptibility to moisture absorption, and increased resistance to decay.

Thermally Modified Wood Cladding
Thermally modified wood has gained significant attention in recent years as an excellent option for wood cladding. The result is a material with enhanced durability, stability, and resistance to decay, making it particularly well-suited for exterior applications.

Sylva^TM and Abodo® are two examples of wood species that undergo thermal modification to enhance their performance as cladding materials.

Sylva is created from North American Red Oak, known for its attractive grain patterns and warm, reddish-brown hues. When thermally modified, it not only retains these aesthetic qualities but also gains increased resistance to decay, insects, and other environmental factors. This makes it an excellent choice for exterior cladding, where it can provide both visual appeal and long-term durability.

Abodo Vulcan thermally modified wood cladding is created from New Zealand plantation timber. The thermal modification process gives Vulcan cladding superior stability and reduced resin content. It’s naturally durable so the timber doesn’t require any chemical preservatives, and has a beautiful, consistent brown tone.

The versatility of thermally modified wood and its eco-friendly attributes establish it as a compelling choice for building materials across various applications, spanning from interior to exterior and encompassing both residential and commercial settings. As the building industry seeks sustainable and high-performance materials, the journey into the world of thermally modified wood opens doors to innovation and a more resilient future for wood-based products.

United States Green Building Council head Quarters CUSTOM North American White Oak

17 Jan

Green Building Certifications: Paving the Way for Sustainable Buildings

By Jocelyn Mahan In Exterior Cladding, In the Field, Inspiring Designs, Thermally Modified Wood, Wood University / No Comments

Global industries are facing pressure to restructure and adopt sustainable practices in response to widespread concerns about climate change. Specifically, the construction sector is encouraged to reevaluate every aspect of designing and constructing commercial projects, given their substantial consumption of energy and materials. Green building certifications are the modern-day blueprint for creating efficient, adaptable, and eco-friendly buildings. They demonstrate a proactive commitment to sustainability.

What are Green Building Certifications?

Green building certifications are rating tools that evaluate and acknowledge building structures that meet specific sustainability criteria or standards. By establishing benchmarks, green building certificates make it easier for governments to integrate green building principles into building codes and regulations, ultimately promoting greener and more sustainable construction practices. These certifications recognize and incentivize companies and organizations involved in constructing and operating environmentally friendly buildings. The incentives include tax credits, grants, loans, and fee waivers. Although different programs have varying levels of standards, they all focus on building a healthier, more sustainable future in commercial buildings.

Different certifications have distinct requirements. Some emphasize the use of energy-efficient, natural building materials with a low carbon footprint, ensuring a safe product lifecycle. Meanwhile, some certifications focus on performance criteria. Understanding certification requirements is essential for guiding projects toward the desired sustainability goal.

Below are several commonly observed green building certifications:

Total Resource Use and Efficiency (TRUE): Spaces that earn TRUE certification demonstrate a commitment to environmental responsibility, heightened resource efficiency, and the conversion of waste into savings and additional income streams. Through a closed-loop approach, these spaces mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, manage risks, diminish litter and pollution, reinvest resources locally, generate employment opportunities, and contribute enhanced value to both their company and community.
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is the most widely used green building certification system in the world. Utilizing responsibly sourced materials and resources is a major contributor to achieving the certification. LEED-certified buildings save money, improve efficiency, lower carbon emissions, and create healthier spaces for people.
The Living Building Challenge is an ambitious and comprehensive green building certification program and sustainable design framework developed by the International Living Future Institute (ILFI). It goes beyond traditional sustainability standards by creating buildings that are not just environmentally friendly, but also guarantee the preservation of resources for the well-being of future generations.
WELL Building Standard is a performance-based system for measuring, certifying, and monitoring features of the built environment that impact human health and well-being. Unlike traditional green building certifications that primarily focus on environmental sustainability, WELL places a strong emphasis on health and wellness through air, water, nourishment, light, fitness, comfort, and mind.

These certificates are designed to promote sustainable and environmentally friendly practices in the construction and operation of buildings. Each has its own set of criteria and standards that buildings must meet to obtain certification.

Utilizing Natural Resources for Green Building Certified Projects

Wood emerges as a resilient and reliable option for projects aiming to attain green building certifications. Architects and designers frequently give preference to Forest Stewardship Council (FSC®) Certified wood products, as they guarantee the ethical sourcing of building materials. The incorporation of FSC®-Certified products in commercial projects enhances transparency and traceability in the construction process.

reSAWN TIMBER co.’s Specification Consultants are trained to collaborate closely with architects and designers to fulfill the criteria and standards of green building certifications. Whether it involves wood flooring, exterior, or interior cladding, our products are designed to provide sustainable solutions for new and existing commercial buildings. Connect with our Specification Consultants for your next project!

Dartmouth College Hood Museum of Art :: CUSTOM North American White Oak – LEED Gold

Dartmouth College expanded and renovated its Hood Museum of Art, incorporating additional galleries and learning spaces to offer an immersive experience for both visitors and students. The FSC®-Certified European White Oak flooring displays inviting tones, establishing a connection between the exhibits and the natural world.

Hood Museum of Art, Dartmouth College feat CUSTOM North American White Oak — Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College feat. CUSTOM European White Oak

United States Green Building Council Headquarters :: CUSTOM North American White Oak – LEED Platinum

The U.S. Green Building Council in Washington D.C. downsized and renovated their headquarters to create a hybrid and healthy work environment for their employees. The office achieved a triple platinum certification in LEED, TRUE, and WELL by integrating biophilic features such as natural FSC®-Certified North American White Oak flooring, living plant walls, and strategically utilizing natural lighting.

U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) Head Quarters CUSTOM North American White Oak Flooring — USGBC Headquarters feat. CUSTOM North American White Oak

Comcast Technology Center :: CUSTOM Antique Reclaimed Wood- LEED Platinum

The 27th floor of the Comcast Technology Center in Philadelphia, PA, features a loft-style design in its headquarters, providing staff with flexibility in their workspace and work styles. Upon entering the office, occupants and visitors are warmly welcomed by reclaimed oak interior cladding, fostering a sense of inclusiveness and collaboration.

Comcast Technology Center CUSTOM reclaimed oak interior cladding — Comcast Technology Center CUSTOM Reclaimed Oak

Two Rivers Middle School :: AMITY European White Oak LEED Gold

Two Rivers Middle School is a network of high-performing public charter schools in Washington D.C. that offers hands-on, project-based learning that fosters curiosity, character, and meaningful engagement among students. As students step into the school, the European White Oak wall and ceiling cladding creates an inviting and supportive ambiance, setting the tone for a positive learning environment.

Two-Rivers-Charter-School-ft.-AMITY-European-White-Oak-and-PALAWAN-Accoya4 — Two Rivers Middle School feat. AMITY European White Oak

455 Massachusetts Ave :: AMITY European White Oak – LEED Platinum

455 Massachusetts is a 12th-floor Class A commercial office building located in Washington D.C. The European White Oak flooring offers a refreshing touch to the modern commercial design.

455 Massachusetts Ave feat. AMITY European White Oak

reSAWN TIMBER co. offers accessible and reliable FSC®-Certified wood products, providing architects and builders with a sustainable choice. Check out reSAWN TIMBER co.’s Sylva™ FSC®-Certified Thermally Modified Red Oak products as a sustainable building solution.

15 Jan

Living on the Edge: Understanding and Navigating the Wildland Urban Interface

By Jocelyn Mahan In Exterior Cladding, In the Field, Inspiring Designs, Thermally Modified Wood, Wood University / No Comments

Wildfires have become a common topic and focus worldwide as they are becoming more frequent, intense, and challenging to contain. The rapid spread of wildfire into inhabited areas could cause devastating losses of life and health, as well as financial and property damages.

The Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) is a critical area where human development meets the natural, undeveloped landscape. The population is rapidly growing in the U.S., and more and more people and families are choosing to live in the outskirts, suburbs, and rural expanses. Housing development follows the population and grows into wildlands. As communities expand, the interface between wildlands and urban areas becomes increasingly prominent—a high-risk area when wildfires occur.

The Wildland Urban Interface is not static as it is constantly growing. The WUI zone varies across regions depending on climate, topography, vegetation, and land use. WUIs typically include suburban neighborhoods, recreational areas such as golf courses, and communities near natural landscapes. These locations are where wildfires have the most significant impacts on human lives. The latest information on WUI areas can be found on the official website of the local fire department.

Vegetation, topography, and human activities are three major factors of wildfire spread in the WUI areas. The lush greenery enhances the aesthetic appeal of residence placements. Its combination with natural topography, such as steep slopes, canyons, and ravines, provides mental solace for residents. However, when wildfires occur, the vegetation becomes fuel for wildfires, and the layout of the land can affect how quickly flames advance, adding complexity to managing and mitigating fire risks.

In addition to natural wildfires, human activities could pose fire risks in these interface zones. Recreational outdoor activities, agriculture, and urban development increase the likelihood of human-induced wildfires. Human activities elevate the probability of initiating fires and add challenges to emergency response and evacuation. Rapid urbanization and sprawling developments create numerous access points for fires, making it challenging for firefighting crews to swiftly contain blazes. Evacuating residents during a wildfire becomes a logistical puzzle, requiring meticulous planning and coordination among emergency services.

Mitigating and preparing for wildfires, particularly in wildland-urban interfaces, are critical concerns for the public and federal, state, and local governments. These efforts are essential to safeguard communities from potential losses and damages. Common fire mitigation strategies involve community planning, comprehensive fire and life safety regulations, and stringent building standards. Educating and preparing the local communities about the devastating effects of wildfires can help reduce human-ignited fires and improve emergency responses. Creating ample defensible space between structures by reducing vegetation helps decrease the speed of fire spread. Additionally, choosing WUI-compliant building materials during new and remodel construction can mitigate the impact of wildfires and minimize the risk of ignition.

Living on the edge of wildlands comes with the allure of natural beauty and the challenges of managing the inherent risks. The Wildland Urban Interface demands a proactive and collaborative approach to safeguard communities against the threat of wildfires. Through careful planning, education, and investment in firefighting resources, residents and policymakers can work together to create resilient communities that coexist with nature while minimizing the impact of potential disasters. As we continue to expand our urban footprint, understanding and addressing the complexities of the Wildland Urban Interface will be crucial for building a safer and more sustainable future.

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15 Jan

How to Choose Building Materials in Wildfire-Prone Areas: WUI-Compliant vs. Building Material Listing

By Jocelyn Mahan In ABODO Wood, Exterior Cladding, In the Field, Inspiring Designs, Thermally Modified Wood, Wood University / 1 No Comments

In an unprecedented reversal of American history, the demographic landscape of the United States is undergoing a transformative shift. A growing number of Americans are choosing to relocate from major cities and metropolitan hubs to the outskirts, suburbs, and rural expanses, propelled by a multitude of factors. As individuals settle in and around diverse ecosystems such as forests, grasslands, and shrub lands—also known as wildland-urban interface (WUI) zone—ramifications of this population shift become more pronounced.

This migration trend unfolds against an increasingly pressing concern—climate change-induced wildfires across North America. The intricate interplay between human habitation and natural landscapes amplifies the challenges associated with wildfires. With rising temperatures and prolonged droughts heightening the risk of wildfires, a significant emphasis is placed on enhancing safety measures and protections in the WUI zone.

Introduction of Wildland Urban Interface Construction Codes

Over the years, with the escalating threat of wildfires, there has been a growing development of building codes tailored specifically for areas prone to wildfires.

The Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) provisions are typically integrated into state or local building codes. California is known for introducing its own set of WUI zone construction requirements within the California Building Code (CBC) in 2008. CBC regulations mandate that building products intended for use in the WUI zone or State Responsibility Area (SRA) must adhere to specific directives. The WUI construction code primarily aims to enforce heightened standards for fire resistance and ignition resistance in the built environment.

A home or building designed and constructed with meticulous attention to detail and the use of compliant building materials significantly enhances its chances of withstanding a wildfire. There are two common ways to identify optimal building products for properties located in wildfire-prone areas: opting for WUI-Compliant building products or selecting products listed under CAL FIRE Building Materials Listing Program.

WUI-Compliant Building Products

WUI-compliant products generally refer to products and materials that meet specific standards and regulations outlined for the Wildland-Urban Interface zones.

According to California Building Code (CBC), the minimum requirement for building envelope components, such as siding/cladding is that an exterior wall covering or wall assembly, shall comply with one of the following requirements:

Noncombustible material
Ignition-resistant material
Heavy timber exterior wall assembly
Log wall construction assembly
Wall assemblies that have been tested in accordance with the test procedures for a 10-minute direct flame contact exposure test set forth in ASTM E2707 with the conditions of acceptance shown in Section 707A.3.1
Wall assemblies that meet the performance criteria in accordance with the test procedures for a 10-minute direct flame contact exposure test set forth in SFM Standard 12-7A-1.

CAL FIRE Building Materials Listing Program

CAL FIRE is a California state agency responsible for safeguarding natural resources within areas designated by the State Board of Forestry as State Responsibility Areas (SRA). In alignment with this mission, the Office of State Fire Marshal (OSFM) introduced the Building Materials Listing (BML) Program. This program serves as a comprehensive initiative aimed at evaluating and certifying a diverse array of building materials. Product manufacturers are required to pass rigorous testing conducted through laboratories accredited by the State Fire Marshal (SFM), ensuring their building materials meet stringent standards for the WUI zone.

The BML Program provide authorities, architects, engineers, contractors, and the fire services with a reliable and readily available source of information when they do not have a staff or subject matter expert to assess the building material quality.

Source: https://hazards.fema.gov/nri/wildfire

Wood Cladding for Wildfire-Prone Areas

There is a common belief that wood, being perceived as combustible and flammable, is not considered a safe material in proximity to fire. As a result, wood is often not the first come to mind when selecting building materials for building structures in wildfire-prone areas. As technology advances, reSAWN TIMBER co. addresses this challenge by innovatively modifying wood structures. The thermally modified wood offerings, Abodo and Sylva, can be more resistant to fire than untreated wood. The thermal treatment alters the chemical composition of the wood, leading to a decrease in the content of flammable substances within the material, while preserving the original aesthetic of wood.

reSAWN’s Abodo offerings are less likely to ignite and sustain combustion compared to untreated wood. When integrated with fire-rated sheathing or gypsum board to form the wall assembly, it delivers a structurally sound exterior wall approved and listed under the CAL FIRE Building Materials Listing Program.

As demographic trends evolve and more individuals relocate to wildland-urban interface (WUI) zones, architects, builders, and homeowners must stay well-informed about the escalating wildfire risk. This necessitates diligent research, selecting building materials by code requirements, and preserving aesthetic appeal throughout the construction process. Contact us to learn about what product works best for your project.

05 Jun

Material Guide: The Benefits of Building with WILLIWAW

By Jocelyn Mahan In Alaskan Yellow Cedar, Exterior Cladding, Interior Cladding, Wood University / No Comments

Wood is one of the earth’s most renewable resources and has a low environmental impact compared to alternative building materials that are often used during the construction process. We believe if architects and builders want to provide clients with high-quality, sustainable building materials that will last over the lifespan of the structure, they must choose high-quality materials. We invest in quality, sustainably rich materials like Alaskan Yellow Cedar, so end users can rest assured that their cladding is going to last for many years to come. In this article, we will discuss the benefits of one of reSAWN TIMBER co.’s most specified product, WILLIWAW Alaskan Yellow Cedar (AYC).

Benefits of WILLIWAW

WILLIWAW features pre-weathered Alaskan Yellow Cedar that is sourced anywhere from Alaska to Oregon and is intended to provide a high-performing, natural material with a clean weathered aesthetic.

WILLIWAW can be used for interior or exterior wall cladding and is available in clear vertical grain. Clear vertical grain Alaskan yellow cedar contains few character marks.
WILLIWAW is durable, dimensionally stable, resistant to rot and insects, and has a light tan/gray, weathered look.
WILLIWAW can be treated to Class A Fire Rating for Interior Applications.
WILLIWAW is known for its ability to withstand harsh weather conditions, coupled with its aesthetic appeal, making it a favored choice for both functional and decorative applications in various architectural and design projects.
Each WILLIWAW product is meticulously crafted to showcase the natural characteristics of the wood, such as grain patterns, and color variations.
As a natural building material, wood cladding weathers inconsistently and can be unpredictable. WILLIWAW provides an exterior material with minimal aesthetic variation regardless of UV exposure.
WILLIWAW is designed to be versatile and can be used in both high-end residential and commercial settings.

The combination of expert craftsmanship, sustainable practices, and the inherent beauty of wood makes WILLIWAW a popular choice among designers, architects, and homeowners looking for exceptional wood products.

reSAWN’s Lumber Warehouse Featuring WILLIWAW- Day One

reSAWN’s Lumber Warehouse Featuring WILLIWAW- 2 Years Later

Why WILLIWAW?

reSAWN TIMBER co. offers a variety of Alaskan Yellow Cedar options that all contain the incredible benefits of this species. WILLIWAW not only has all of those benefits, but is loved for its natural variation, pre-weathered features, and low maintenance.

From afar, WILLIWAW exhibits a light beige color with gray undertones, making it unique looking in every kind of lighting. Its color compliments every environment it’s surrounded by whether it’s mountains or beaches, sun or snow, it provides a natural look as if it has always belonged there. The natural color variations in Alaskan Yellow Cedar wood are primarily due to the wood’s interaction with minerals found in the soil of its growing environment. As the tree absorbs water and nutrients from the soil, it also absorbs trace amounts of minerals present in the surrounding environment. These minerals can include iron, copper, manganese, and others, each imparting its own color properties to the wood. The mineral composition of the soil plays a crucial role in determining the color variation.

Air Lease Corporation- WILLIWAW Alaskan Yellow Cedar

WILLIWAW is prefinished in plant-based, zero VOC finish, allowing it to accept and hold finishes with minimal aesthetic variation throughout its installation lifecycle. reSAWN’s products arrive at job sites prefinished to avoid minor mishaps that can occur on job sites like oversprays, streaks, drips, or lap marks. Drying racks that are used to hold wet cladding on a job site are costly and take up much-needed space. Prefinished wood materials like WILLIWAW are finished and dried in a controlled environment prior to arriving on a job site. With factory-finished products, they have already undergone quality control, inspection, and back coating to ensure the material is in perfect condition before it arrives at its destination.

WILLIWAW is offered in a clear vertical grade, meaning the growth rings are parallel to each other on the face or the board, and very light skips on the non-graded face. Architects and builders often seek out select grades because it has very few imperfections or character markings, making it look smooth and clean. Additionally, WILLIWAW is utilized for both interior and exterior purposes, making it versatile and flexible for all styles of design.

WILLIWAW is currently being installed on homes in different climatic zones across the country in South Carolina, Minnesota, California, Florida, and Canada. Below is the Red Mountain Residence in Aspen, Colorado on its way to completion.

Red Mountain Residence- WILLIWAW Alaskan Yellow Cedar

What is Alaskan Yellow Cedar?

AYC is a remarkable species that is located in the coastal regions of Alaska, British Columbia, and the Pacific Northwest of the United States. It is grown in climates that have mildly wet winters, and cool damp summers. This species is often found on higher elevations and thrives in diverse forest ecosystems.

Unfinished AYC exhibits a pale yellow to golden color, often with subtle streaks of reddish brown, which deepen and become richer with age and exposure to sunlight. In addition to its physical attributes, the species possess a pleasing aroma that emanates from the wood, which adds to its allure and sensory appeal. Its scent is often described as sweet, reminiscent of cedar and citrus.

Hartheimer Residence-WILLIWAW Interior Wall Cladding

Alaskan Yellow Cedar Benefits

At reSAWN, our Alaskan Yellow Cedar products like WILLIWAW are ideally suited for any interior and exterior project, including wall and ceiling cladding. With its versatility, comes many remarkable benefits.

Durability– AYC has exceptional resistance to decay, rot, fungi, and insect damage. Due to their natural extractives such as Thujaplicans and Phenolics, they act as a defense mechanism for decay-causing organisms and pests. The natural oils also act as a natural barrier against moisture, helping to repel water. This contributes to the long lifecycle of the wood.
Strength– The low density and compact characteristics of the species make it more resistant to wear, impact, checks, and twists. Additionally, its straight grain pattern contributes to the strength of the wood. The fibers in AYC run parallel to the board’s length, providing structural integrity, making it less susceptible to shrink, and enabling it to withstand various environmental and structural stresses.
Insulation– The species’ tightly packed fibers and low density allow the wood to be thermally insulated.
Fire Resistant– When exposed to fire, AYC tends to have a slower burn rate. It releases heat at a slower pace and retains its structure for a longer period. reSAWN’s AYC has a Flame Spread Index of 40 and a Smoke Developed Index of 140, giving it a Class B Rating.

Our Mission

The building industry continues to produce unsustainable materials to mimic the aesthetic of wood and advertise them as sustainable products. However, some contain toxic chemicals, are unethically manufactured, and have a short lifespan because it is less expensive to do so. Additionally, their life cycle produces a mass of carbon emissions whereas products like WILLIWAW act as a carbon sink, absorbing carbon from the atmosphere.

At reSAWN TIMBER co., we bear the responsibility to become mindful educators, while nurturing and preserving earth’s ecosystems, cherishing its biodiversity, and embracing sustainable practices. We provide sustainably sourced products that will look beautiful on day one and continue to weather as nature takes over, with little to no aesthetic maintenance needed. This leaves more time to enjoy the product and less time to maintain it.

What does it truly mean to be an environmentally conscious wood manufacturer? In an industry that runs on nonrenewable, disposable resources beyond what is necessary, healthy, or sustainable, we choose to change the narrative. At reSAWN TIMBER co., we research, study, and observe every product we sell to not only protect our planet, but future generations. We carefully craft quality products that are durable and sustainably sourced to keep our promise to nature and end-users.

There is a reason why WILLIWAW Alaskan Yellow Cedar continues to be one of our most specified products. It is durable, dimensionally stable, rot and insect resistant, versatile, and exceptional at withstanding all weather conditions. Architects and builders continue to choose WILLIWAW for their projects because it promises to keep a home aesthetically beautiful and safe for years to come.

Want to see how WILLIWAW will look on your next project? WILLIWAW samples are available for architects and designers at no cost and shipped via UPS Ground. Click on the button to get started.

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26 Jan

The Importance of Field Mockups for Exterior Wall Cladding Assemblies

By Jocelyn Mahan In In the Field, Mockup Program / 2 No Comments

Given rising labor & material costs and ever-expanding lead times, even the smallest element executed incorrectly can have detrimental implications to a project’s budget and schedule. Solid execution is particularly critical for exterior features that safeguard a structure from the elements. That is why field mockups for exterior wall assemblies have become such an essential part of planning during residential and commercial projects.

Mockups provide architects, designers, contractors, and owners the opportunity to assess an in-person, three-dimensional representation of a design so that functionality, aesthetics, and quality can be evaluated down to the smallest detail.

Knight wall rainscreen System. — Lakeshore Drive Residence – Newtown Square, PA – Knight Wall Rainscreen System Mockup – *Hidden Gutter System*, reSAWN TIMBER co. NIGIRI & WABI SABI Cladding, Marvin® Windows, and 6” stone

The building enclosure (envelope, skin, facade, etc.) represents one of the greatest risk elements of construction. Water penetration, air leakage, and increased energy consumption are common consequences of poorly designed and constructed building enclosure assemblies.

Exterior wall cladding is the visible and exposed surface of a wall assembly and the primary water-shedding layer. It is subjected to the elements and must be constructed to endure long-term deterioration and weathering.

Center for Coastal Studies, Scripps Institution of Oceanography:: MARTELL Shou Sugi Ban Charred Western Red Cedar Exterior Cladding/Siding — reSAWN TIMBER co. MARTELL Shou Sugi Ban – La Jolla, CA

Sleek Mountain Manor featuring GRAPHITE Abodo Vulcan Cladding — reSAWN TIMBER co. MARTELL Shou Sugi Ban – La Jolla, CA

Fortunately, a wall surface does not have to be completely waterproof in order to resist rain and snow. It simply needs to be able to prevent water from getting past the surface material and into the rest of the wall assembly. This concept is what led to the development of rainscreen layered wall assemblies – one of the most reliable ways of keeping exterior walls dry or allowing them to dry out when they do get wet. It’s reSAWN’s preferred method.

reSAWN TIMBER co. lakeshore Drive Mockup — Lakeshore Drive Residence – Newtown Square, PA – Knight Wall Rainscreen System Mockup – Spire Builders

Rainscreen assemblies are built on the assumption that water does not move on its own. Rain and snow, the two most common types of water that fall on an exterior wall, are either pushed downward by gravity or pushed sideways by the wind. The airspace behind a building’s cladding or exterior finish has a significant impact on the physical consequences of rain on built environments and their ability to dry after getting wet.

A rainscreen deploys an outside surface – a rainscreen cladding layer – to break the power of sideways, wind-driven water movement, allowing any water that passes through the microscopic gaps in the surface to lose speed. The majority of water merely bounces off the surface or runs down the side of the building.

reSAWN_Rainscreen_IMG_0942-1-scaled — Commerical Rain Screen Wall Cladding Assembly – Telford, PA, reSAWN TIMBER co. WILLIWAW – Weathered Alaskan Yellow Cedar

Why Do a Field Mockup for Exterior Wall Assemblies?

When specifying wood cladding materials for exterior applications, weathering is something that architects, interior designers, and building owners should keep in mind. Since wood is a natural material, when it’s continually exposed to environmental elements such as moisture, sunlight, and wind, the physical attributes of the material change and weather over time. With an exterior wood cladding assembly mockup, specifiers can choose products confidently, knowing that the cladding suits the exact exterior conditions where the structure is being built, by observing how it weathers and moves over time in a project-specific climate.

IMG_0003-1-scaled — reSAWN TIMBER co. SURETO Cypress Shou Sugi Ban – (not shown in image) – Norwalk, CT – White Architects

Mockups create an opportunity to refine a design approach before the actual fabrication of components begins and before any unresolved or unknown issues are constructed into the building. Once completed, exterior wall assembly mockups serve to establish the technical, quality, and aesthetic standards for the wall cladding and the project.

The integrity of an exterior wall assembly depends on the performance of its individual components & systems and the transitions between said systems. By taking the time to construct and test a mockup, architects, designers, and contractors can be sure they have the proper materials, a working assembly, and quality execution.

Even with today’s photorealistic rendered images through building information modeling (BIM), full-scale mockups do more than a drawing or rendering can.

Butter Lane Charred Accoya — reSAWN TIMBER co. **IKIGAI** Accoya® Shou Sugi Ban Rendering – Bridgehampton, NY – Architect: Young Projects

Exterior wall system mockups allow project teams to touch, see and interact with the finished product while it’s still early enough to make changes without cost impact. Furthermore, since every structure and location is unique, and there are innumerable building material possibilities available, BIM or computer-aided design (CAD) detailing cannot resolve field-dependent variables the way a full-scale field mockup for exterior wall systems can.

image1-scaled — reSAWN TIMBER co. **IKIGAI** Accoya Shou Sugi Ban Field Mockup – Bridgehampton, NY – Architect: Young Projects

SURETO Western Red Cedar shou sugi ban
Asheville, NC
Carlton-Edwards Design Build — reSAWN TIMBER co. SURETO Charred Western Red Cedar Shou Sugi Ban – Asheville, NC – Architect: Carlton-Edwards Design Build

When done correctly, the construction of a mockup allows a project team to collaboratively work out detailing and compatibility issues that arise during the course of construction, verify the proper function of the intended construction, and apply the results from the process to the project, thereby avoiding costly repeated defects in the completed residential or commercial building.

Benefits of Field Mockups for Exterior Wall Cladding Assemblies

Specify material confidently, knowing that the product suits the exact exterior conditions where the structure is being built.
Observe some amount of wood weathering in a project-specific climate.
Observe tolerance for wood movement in a project-specific climate. Most wood movement occurs in the first 6-8 months after installation.
Understand wood cladding appearance over a larger field of material.
Monitor effectiveness in rear ventilation & drainage through assembly details (i.e. rainscreens).
Mockups are useful for obtaining approval from stakeholders who may find it difficult to understand drawings and specifications.
With a mockup, project teams have the chance to see how the material will perform at the project site prior to full-scale construction.
Performance mockups provide assurance that the specified materials will function as required under a variety of extreme climatic conditions.
The most seasoned trade partners can benefit from using a exterior wall cladding assembly as a teaching tool to show teams how the work should be done. This reduces the risk of quality issues while improving the speed of construction.
In the interest of sustainability, creating a mockup to to help ensure materials will only have to be installed once, can proactively reduce waste on a construction project.
Creating and testing a building enclosure mockup on a small scale, ensures it is done right on a grand scale. It saves project time, money, aggravation, and waste.

reSAWN TIMBER co. Mockup Program — This reSAWN made mockup was placed at an elevation of 7,000 feet near Lake Tahoe, California. The materials endured two consecutive harsh winters with heavy snowfall, ice, wind, and rain. The materials are weathering well despite the exterior conditions.

If you’re interested to see how reSAWN TIMBER co.’s exterior cladding will perform on your project site, we offer field mockups for wall cladding assemblies.

We meet the needs of architects, designers contractors, and building owners by designing modern, high-performance exterior products that are meant to age in place with grace.

Click here to get started. We’re happy to assist.

LEARN MORE :: reSAWN’s Mockup Program

02 Jan

Guinness Open Gate Brewery with reSAWN’s Shou Sugi Ban Receives Wavemaker Award

By Jocelyn Mahan In CHARRED WOOD, Featured In The News, Inspiring Designs, Product Installs / 1

We are excited to share that a project featuring reSAWN TIMBER co.’s NIGIRI shou sugi ban charred Accoya® wood won an award at ULI Baltimore’s Annual WaveMaker Awards.

ULI Baltimore’s annual WaveMaker Awards recognize outstanding local real estate development projects, as well as Lifetime Achievement and Leadership Award winners. The winning projects were selected based on the following criteria: Completeness; a Sense of Place and Quality; Sustainability; Visionary and Emulation; and a Need.