Earth Day 2024 spotlights the theme “Planet vs. Plastics,” drawing attention to the pervasive use of plastic and its detrimental effects on the environment. While plastic remains a staple material in numerous industries, its profound negative impacts on Mother Earth are undeniable. However, how do plastic and natural products diverge, particularly in building materials?
Within the domain of building façades, particularly in the wall cladding category, two prominent options stand out: wood and plastic. While both offer solutions for protecting and enhancing structures, they differ significantly when it comes to environmental impact, aesthetics, and long-term sustainability. Understanding both materials’ characteristics and their implications for sustainable construction practices will further help all decision-makers in a project make informed decisions.
Timber holds a longstanding reputation as a renewable, sustainable building material. Responsibly sourced and managed wood cladding significantly reduces carbon footprints for the environment. Wood serves as a carbon sink throughout its lifecycle, from the growth of trees to the production of timber and building materials. This process actively removes carbon dioxide from the environment, aiding in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. The regrowth process of trees is also beneficial to the environment; the process sustains and balances ecosystems, absorbing carbon from the atmosphere and enriching soil health. This natural process further enhances environmental resilience by storing carbon within the soil.
Plastic, on the other hand, is a synthetic material derived from fossil fuels. Its production process generates substantial greenhouse gas emissions and contributes to climate change. While in use, plastic products degrade into microplastics over time, slowly polluting our environment. Microplastics pose significant threats to ecosystems by contaminating soils, freshwater systems, and the air, thus impacting biodiversity. Unlike wood, which biodegrades and can be recycled or repurposed, plastic persists in the environment for centuries releasing harmful chemicals and microplastics into ecosystems.
While wood cladding and plastic siding offer solutions for building façades, their environmental impact, aesthetics, and long-term sustainability vary considerably. Wood is a natural resource and a sustainable option for our environment. Wood cladding offers environmental benefits and contributes to human health and well-being by connecting occupants with nature. Incorporating natural materials such as wood can elevate indoor air quality, alleviate stress, and boost productivity—fostering healthier and more sustainable built environments in the long run. By embracing a renewable, energy-efficient, and visually pleasing building material, we can all contribute to a greener future while creating beautiful and resilient structures that endure for generations.
Join the movement towards sustainability in construction. Contact us today to explore eco-friendly options for your building projects.
In light of climate change, there is a pressing need for everyone around the world to shoulder the responsibility to implement changes across various aspects of our lives, spanning from food consumption and transportation to energy systems and even our approach to construction. The demand for essential infrastructure continues to surge at record rates. To meet economic needs without jeopardizing the environment, the solution lies in using natural materials.
Wood, as one of our most traditional and natural construction materials, plays a pivotal role in both balancing and removing greenhouse gasses from the environment. Since their inception, trees have been integral to the ongoing process of removing greenhouse gasses by absorbing carbon from the atmosphere. This carbon is stored within their structure throughout their lifecycle, even after they are harvested and transformed into building materials, thereby continuing to contribute to carbon retention and storage.
By leveraging wood’s natural properties, timber is less carbon-intensive to manufacture compared to cement and steel. According to ARUP’s report, Rethinking Timber Building, cement production accounted for approximately 8% of global carbon dioxide emissions, while the iron and steel industry accounted for 6-7%. With the significant carbon footprint associated with cement and steel production, timber emerges as an increasingly compelling alternative.
Timber stands out as a renewable resource with ideal characteristics for construction materials. Beyond its role as a carbon sink, its tensile and compressive strength fortify building structures with enduring durability. The cellular structure of wood, consisting of strong fibers and a matrix of lignin, provides natural strength and flexibility. This composition allows the wood to bear significant loads and resist deformation.
University of Wisconsin Platteville Sesquicentennial Hall feat. REED Reclaimed Hemlock Wall and Ceiling Cladding
Though exterior applications like cladding may render wood vulnerable in certain environments, ongoing investments and advancements in preservation techniques, including thermal and chemical modifications, have bolstered its reliability as a sustainable building material over the years. Given the paramount importance of employing safe and dependable building materials for commercial projects, there remains a steadfast commitment to this cause. Simultaneously, the burgeoning emphasis on the health and comfort of occupants continues to garner increasing attention and significance in the construction industry.
When considering indoor health and comfort, the availability of natural materials is known to reduce occupant stress levels and heightened positive responses. Natural materials such as wood play a pivotal role in fostering biophilic design within commercial projects, integrating natural elements seamlessly into the built environment. A biophilic design approach in interior space enhances cognitive function and elevates mood and productivity for occupants. The warmth and organic qualities of wood create a welcoming and comfortable atmosphere, evoking human’s natural sense of connection to nature.
In addition to psychological well-being and comfort, natural materials help maintain better indoor air quality. Certain synthetic materials may release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the air. VOCs are chemicals that can evaporate into the air, contributing to indoor air pollution and potential health hazards. Opting for wood in construction and furnishing choices enhances the ambiance and aesthetic appeal of spaces and supports a healthier indoor environment by minimizing the emission of harmful chemicals. Incorporating wood into a biophilic design can fulfill green building certification criteria due to its inherent environmental benefits.
Vitus Project feat. MATE European White Oak Flooring
Wood is renowned for its durability as a building material, often enduring for over a century when properly maintained. Nevertheless, as with all materials, there comes a point when wood reaches its end-of-life. When this moment arrives, the options for its disposal extend far beyond mere waste. The common options typically encompass disassembly, adaptation, and reuse, ensuring the longevity of wood as a building material while minimizing its environmental footprint and contributing to a more sustainable future. Through thoughtful practices, wood can continue to contribute to sustainable construction and design, embodying the principles of environmental stewardship and resource efficiency.
Wood isn’t just a conventional building material; it plays a vital role in advancing sustainability in construction. Wood stands as one of the most organic building materials, exhibiting reduced carbon intensity in manufacturing when compared to synthetic alternatives. Its inherent characteristics, including carbon sequestration throughout its lifecycle, remarkable durability, and renewable nature, wood emerges as a key player in environmentally friendly building practices. As we navigate the future of construction, prioritizing wood in commercial projects will continuously make positive impacts on our environment.
reSAWN TIMBER co.’s Sylva™ thermally modified product line presents domestically sourced and manufactured wood cladding suitable for both interior and exterior applications, providing environmentally friendly options with a minimal carbon footprint. Thermally modified wood further enhances the wood’s structure, transforming the wood into a material with improved durability, stability, and aesthetic qualities. Selecting a product that is both locally sourced and modified reflects a commitment to mitigating climate change and endorsing sustainable design for future buildings.
Wood remains a prominent choice in modern architecture and design, and stands out as a leading building material. Given its natural and biodegradable characteristics, debates frequently arise regarding its longevity. As a result, manufacturers of building materials are continually engaging in exploration and innovation to meet evolving demands and preferences. They strive to enhance and discover sustainable solutions, with modified wood emerging as a forefront choice in this endeavor. reSAWN TIMBER co.’s Sylva™ product line is designed with functional and sustainable attributes in mind. This article explores the unique qualities and benefits that make this material a standout choice for various architectural projects.
Lower Embodied Carbon: Domestic Species & Sustainably Sourced Currently, Sylva consists of locally harvested, FSC®-Certified North American Red Oak. FSC certification ensures that the Sylva product line comes from forests where responsible and sustainable forest management practices are implemented. This includes considerations for biodiversity, ecosystem health, and the rights of local communities. The distance between its harvesting and manufacturing locations is less than three hours, leading to a significant reduction in carbon emissions. Harvesting wood locally reduces the carbon footprint associated with transportation, contributing to an eco-friendly building process. By sourcing materials regionally, builders and architects can support local economies and reduce the environmental impact of their projects.
Natural Aesthetic One of the most striking features of North American Red Oak is its gorgeous red undertone that delivers a rich and distinctive appearance. The thermal modification process enhances the coloration and boosts the wood’s natural beauty, giving it a warm and elegant aesthetic. One notable aspect of Red Oak is its variability in color, even timber sourced from the same tree can showcase varying shades. This inherent diversity in color lends itself to creating a versatile design, imbuing surfaces with visual depth, complexity, and an added touch of sophistication. The material can be used to seamlessly blend with a variety of design styles, from traditional to modern, making it a multifaceted choice for architects and designers seeking a timeless and visually appealing solution.
Thermally Modified Process The thermal modification process involves exposing the Red Oak to high temperatures in a controlled environment, altering its chemical composition. This process enhances the wood’s durability, stability, and resistance to decay. As a result, thermally modified Red Oak cladding offers a longer lifespan and requires less maintenance when compared to unfinished wood.
Resistance to Decay One of the primary concerns with wood cladding is its susceptibility to rot and decay. Thermally modified Red Oak addresses these concerns by becoming highly resistant to decay through the thermal modification process. The high temperatures cause chemical changes in the wood, leading to the modification of its cellular structure. Hemicellulose, one of the wood’s components, is permanently affected. The breakdown of hemicellulose reduces the wood’s ability to absorb and retain water, making it less susceptible to decay. This resistance ensures that the cladding remains durable and maintains its original quality, even in challenging outdoor environments.
Stability and Dimensional Consistency The thermal modification process not only enhances the wood’s visual appeal but also improves its stability. The timber experiences chemical modification during the process that significantly reduces the timber’s susceptibility to absorb moisture and swell, resulting in a more dimensionally stable material. This stability is crucial in ensuring that the cladding maintains its structural integrity over time, even in varying environmental conditions.
Ease of Maintenance Sylva requires minimal maintenance when compared to unfinished wood cladding. Its enhanced durability and resistance to decay means that it can withstand the elements without deteriorating. This not only saves time and effort for property owners but also contributes to the material’s longevity and cost-effectiveness.
Wide Range of Color Selection The Sylva product line includes 13 products, with 5 featuring the Shou Sugi Ban technique during manufacturing. The base color of thermally modified red oak provides a versatile foundation for creating finishes in a wide range of rich tones. The colors range from browns to greys, to Shou Sugi Ban black. These products are suitable for both exterior and interior applications. The carefully chosen color palette was designed with precision to effortlessly blend the wood aesthetics both inside and outside, cultivating an environment that promotes a consistent and harmonious wood-themed aesthetic throughout the entire space.
The versatility and benefits of locally harvested thermally modified wood cladding make Sylva a compelling choice for architects, designers, builders, and even homeowners committed to sustainability and quality. From its sustainable sourcing practices, meticulously managed thermal modification process, and enhanced aesthetic appeal and durability, this material offers a harmonious blend of form and function. As the construction industry continues to prioritize eco-friendly and resilient solutions, Sylva cladding stands out as a reliable and aesthetically pleasing option for various architectural applications.
Contact us to connect with a reSAWN TIMBER co. specification consultant and explore the opportunities for incorporating Sylva™ Thermally Modified Red Oak into your next project.
In the world of architectural design and construction, the choice of building materials plays a pivotal role, influencing the aesthetic appeal and a structure’s sustainable commitment and functional aspects. With the growing emphasis on sustainability and reducing carbon emissions, staying well-informed and possessing the knowledge to design and build with sustainable materials has become more crucial by the day.
According to The Institution of Structural Engineers, the building and construction industry is responsible for 40% of annual carbon dioxide emissions. Choosing appropriate building materials represents the first step in decarbonizing the building and construction sectors. The global popularity of using renewable, biogenic building materials is rising due to high sustainability awareness. A building product’s embodied carbon accounts for all the carbon emissions released throughout the product’s entire supply chain and life cycle. When opting for a building material, consideration should be given to all factors influencing carbon emissions throughout its entire life span.
Beginning as raw material, wood functions as a carbon sink, actively storing carbon dioxide from the environment. Contrary to the prevailing belief that harvesting trees disrupts the ecosystem and diminishes the photosynthesis process, wood remains a carbon sink even after being harvested. The regrowth of trees following harvest plays a crucial role in sustaining and balancing the ecosystem. Throughout the regrowth process, trees absorb carbon from the atmosphere. In addition, when forestry is managed sustainably with a focus on biodiversity, the diversity of the ecosystem provides an environment for microorganisms to thrive. These microorganisms actively contribute to soil restoration and enhance the productivity of emerging forests. Consequently, the soil gains capacity as a carbon store, effectively mitigating carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere.
A significant factor influencing the embodied carbon of a building product is transportation. Arup’s Embodied Carbon report highlights that the logistics involved in transporting raw materials to the factory contribute to 8-10% of the embodied carbon while transporting the finished product to the construction site accounts for 50-55%. The sourcing of materials holds paramount importance in determining the embodied carbon of building materials, impacting manufacturers and the decisions of architects and builders.
Timber stands out as one of the most natural construction materials, boasting lower carbon intensity in manufacturing, transportation, and construction than synthetic or man-made alternatives. Timber continuously contributes to regulating carbon emissions throughout its lifecycle. It plays a pivotal role in attaining a net-zero balance. Opting for locally sourced, sustainably harvested wood products is an additional catalyst for advancing the global pursuit of a sustainable future.
For centuries wood has been a popular and traditional material for various applications and its timeless appeal continues to endure in modern times. Its versatility, sustainability, and aesthetic qualities make it a preferred choice for a wide range of building uses, from commercial to residential applications.
As the popularity of wood continues to grow in the construction and design industry, manufacturers are actively developing new technologies to expand the product offerings. This effort caters to the increasing demand and aims to elevate the performance and sustainability of wood in construction and design applications. Among these methods, thermal modification stands out as a process that transforms wood into a material with improved durability, stability, and aesthetic qualities. This article delves into the various aspects of thermally modified wood, exploring the process and the remarkable benefits it brings.
Thermal modification is an eco-friendly process that involves altering wood using heat energy, omitting the use of additional chemicals. The heart of the process lies in the thermal modification itself. Wood undergoes controlled heating in an oxygen-deprived environment, while gradually raising the heat to the desired temperature. Precise control is exercised to ensure uniform heating throughout the material. This process induces structural changes within the wood, enhancing its properties without risking combustion.
The wood is maintained at an elevated temperature for a specified duration, allowing the thermal modification to permeate its cellular structure. This cooking phase is pivotal for achieving the desired physical and chemical transformations. The controlled application of elevated temperatures in the absence of oxygen leads to several changes in the cellular components of wood, including hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin—which are three major components that contribute to the overall mechanical properties of wood.
Hemicellulose Decomposition Hemicellulose, a polymer comprised of sugars found in timber, constitutes a significant portion of wood, accounting for 20-35% of its dry weight. It plays a crucial role in moisture absorption and facilitates cross-linking among cellular components. During thermal modification, hemicellulose undergoes decomposition, leading to a decrease in its content. This process releases water vapor and other volatile compounds from the timber. The reduced hemicellulose content decreases the timber’s capacity to absorb and release moisture, thereby improving its overall stability.
Cellulose Crystallinity Cellulose, a fibrous structure serving as the primary constituent of wood fiber, plays a pivotal role in enhancing the strength and rigidity of wood. The crystalline regions of cellulose are well-organized and tightly packed. The degree of cellulose crystallinity in wood influences the wood’s physical properties, such as strength and stiffness. The heat treatment causes the cellulose chains to become more ordered and crystalline, increasing its stiffness. This alteration contributes to improved dimensional stability and reduced susceptibility to swelling and shrinking when exposed to changes in moisture levels.
Lignin Modification Lignin is a complex polymer that holds cellulose fibers together. It acts as a binding substance and provides structural support and rigidity to wood. At higher temperatures during thermal modification, lignin depolymerizes and breaks down into smaller fragments. The heat energy then redistributes and recondenses these broken lignin fragments. The reorganization of these fragments can contribute to an increase in lignin content, resulting in altered characteristics such as improved dimensional stability.
Lignin is the primary contributor to the natural brown color of wood. Various wood processing methods can modify or eliminate lignin content, thereby influencing the wood’s color. Thermal modification tends to contribute to the enhanced coloration of the wood, often resulting in a darker and more uniform appearance.
Cooling Phase Following the thermal modification, a carefully managed cooling phase follows to prevent abrupt temperature changes that could compromise the integrity of the modified wood. By managing the cooling phase correctly, the risk of structural damage to the wood is minimized. Slow cooling helps prevent surface irregularities, such as warping or cupping, which might occur if the wood experiences sudden temperature fluctuations.
In summary, thermal modification process changes the cellular characteristics and interaction among hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. These alterations enhance the mechanical properties of the wood, resulting in improved dimensional stability, reduced susceptibility to moisture absorption, and increased resistance to decay.
Thermally Modified Wood Cladding Thermally modified wood has gained significant attention in recent years as an excellent option for wood cladding. The result is a material with enhanced durability, stability, and resistance to decay, making it particularly well-suited for exterior applications.
SylvaTM and Abodo® are two examples of wood species that undergo thermal modification to enhance their performance as cladding materials.
Sylva is created from North American Red Oak, known for its attractive grain patterns and warm, reddish-brown hues. When thermally modified, it not only retains these aesthetic qualities but also gains increased resistance to decay, insects, and other environmental factors. This makes it an excellent choice for exterior cladding, where it can provide both visual appeal and long-term durability.
Abodo Vulcan thermally modified wood cladding is created from New Zealand plantation timber. The thermal modification process gives Vulcan cladding superior stability and reduced resin content. It’s naturally durable so the timber doesn’t require any chemical preservatives, and has a beautiful, consistent brown tone.
The versatility of thermally modified wood and its eco-friendly attributes establish it as a compelling choice for building materials across various applications, spanning from interior to exterior and encompassing both residential and commercial settings. As the building industry seeks sustainable and high-performance materials, the journey into the world of thermally modified wood opens doors to innovation and a more resilient future for wood-based products.
Contact us to find out how you can integrate Thermally Modified products into your upcoming project.
Global industries are facing pressure to restructure and adopt sustainable practices in response to widespread concerns about climate change. Specifically, the construction sector is encouraged to reevaluate every aspect of designing and constructing commercial projects, given their substantial consumption of energy and materials. Green building certifications are the modern-day blueprint for creating efficient, adaptable, and eco-friendly buildings. They demonstrate a proactive commitment to sustainability.
What are Green Building Certifications?
Green building certifications are rating tools that evaluate and acknowledge building structures that meet specific sustainability criteria or standards. By establishing benchmarks, green building certificates make it easier for governments to integrate green building principles into building codes and regulations, ultimately promoting greener and more sustainable construction practices. These certifications recognize and incentivize companies and organizations involved in constructing and operating environmentally friendly buildings. The incentives include tax credits, grants, loans, and fee waivers. Although different programs have varying levels of standards, they all focus on building a healthier, more sustainable future in commercial buildings.
Different certifications have distinct requirements. Some emphasize the use of energy-efficient, natural building materials with a low carbon footprint, ensuring a safe product lifecycle. Meanwhile, some certifications focus on performance criteria. Understanding certification requirements is essential for guiding projects toward the desired sustainability goal.
Below are several commonly observed green building certifications:
Total Resource Use and Efficiency (TRUE): Spaces that earn TRUE certification demonstrate a commitment to environmental responsibility, heightened resource efficiency, and the conversion of waste into savings and additional income streams. Through a closed-loop approach, these spaces mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, manage risks, diminish litter and pollution, reinvest resources locally, generate employment opportunities, and contribute enhanced value to both their company and community.
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is the most widely used green building certification system in the world. Utilizing responsibly sourced materials and resources is a major contributor to achieving the certification. LEED-certified buildings save money, improve efficiency, lower carbon emissions, and create healthier spaces for people.
The Living Building Challenge is an ambitious and comprehensive green building certification program and sustainable design framework developed by the International Living Future Institute (ILFI). It goes beyond traditional sustainability standards by creating buildings that are not just environmentally friendly, but also guarantee the preservation of resources for the well-being of future generations.
WELL Building Standard is a performance-based system for measuring, certifying, and monitoring features of the built environment that impact human health and well-being. Unlike traditional green building certifications that primarily focus on environmental sustainability, WELL places a strong emphasis on health and wellness through air, water, nourishment, light, fitness, comfort, and mind.
These certificates are designed to promote sustainable and environmentally friendly practices in the construction and operation of buildings. Each has its own set of criteria and standards that buildings must meet to obtain certification.
Utilizing Natural Resources for Green Building Certified Projects
Wood emerges as a resilient and reliable option for projects aiming to attain green building certifications. Architects and designers frequently give preference to Forest Stewardship Council (FSC®) Certified wood products, as they guarantee the ethical sourcing of building materials. The incorporation of FSC®-Certified products in commercial projects enhances transparency and traceability in the construction process.
reSAWN TIMBER co.’s Specification Consultants are trained to collaborate closely with architects and designers to fulfill the criteria and standards of green building certifications. Whether it involves wood flooring, exterior, or interior cladding, our products are designed to provide sustainable solutions for new and existing commercial buildings. Connect with our Specification Consultants for your next project!
Dartmouth College expanded and renovated its Hood Museum of Art, incorporating additional galleries and learning spaces to offer an immersive experience for both visitors and students. The FSC®-Certified European White Oak flooring displays inviting tones, establishing a connection between the exhibits and the natural world.
Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College feat. CUSTOM European White Oak
The U.S. Green Building Council in Washington D.C. downsized and renovated their headquarters to create a hybrid and healthy work environment for their employees. The office achieved a triple platinum certification in LEED, TRUE, and WELL by integrating biophilic features such as natural FSC®-Certified North American White Oak flooring, living plant walls, and strategically utilizing natural lighting.
USGBC Headquarters feat. CUSTOM North American White Oak
The 27th floor of the Comcast Technology Center in Philadelphia, PA, features a loft-style design in its headquarters, providing staff with flexibility in their workspace and work styles. Upon entering the office, occupants and visitors are warmly welcomed by reclaimed oak interior cladding, fostering a sense of inclusiveness and collaboration.
Two Rivers Middle School is a network of high-performing public charter schools in Washington D.C. that offers hands-on, project-based learning that fosters curiosity, character, and meaningful engagement among students. As students step into the school, the European White Oak wall and ceiling cladding creates an inviting and supportive ambiance, setting the tone for a positive learning environment.
Two Rivers Middle School feat. AMITY European White Oak
455 Massachusetts is a 12th-floor Class A commercial office building located in Washington D.C. The European White Oak flooring offers a refreshing touch to the modern commercial design.
455 Massachusetts Ave feat. AMITY European White Oak
reSAWN TIMBER co. offers accessible and reliable FSC®-Certified wood products, providing architects and builders with a sustainable choice. Check out reSAWN TIMBER co.’s Sylva™ FSC®-Certified Thermally Modified Red Oak products as a sustainable building solution.
Wildfires have become a common topic and focus worldwide as they are becoming more frequent, intense, and challenging to contain. The rapid spread of wildfire into inhabited areas could cause devastating losses of life and health, as well as financial and property damages.
The Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) is a critical area where human development meets the natural, undeveloped landscape. The population is rapidly growing in the U.S., and more and more people and families are choosing to live in the outskirts, suburbs, and rural expanses. Housing development follows the population and grows into wildlands. As communities expand, the interface between wildlands and urban areas becomes increasingly prominent—a high-risk area when wildfires occur.
The Wildland Urban Interface is not static as it is constantly growing. The WUI zone varies across regions depending on climate, topography, vegetation, and land use. WUIs typically include suburban neighborhoods, recreational areas such as golf courses, and communities near natural landscapes. These locations are where wildfires have the most significant impacts on human lives. The latest information on WUI areas can be found on the official website of the local fire department.
Vegetation, topography, and human activities are three major factors of wildfire spread in the WUI areas. The lush greenery enhances the aesthetic appeal of residence placements. Its combination with natural topography, such as steep slopes, canyons, and ravines, provides mental solace for residents. However, when wildfires occur, the vegetation becomes fuel for wildfires, and the layout of the land can affect how quickly flames advance, adding complexity to managing and mitigating fire risks.
In addition to natural wildfires, human activities could pose fire risks in these interface zones. Recreational outdoor activities, agriculture, and urban development increase the likelihood of human-induced wildfires. Human activities elevate the probability of initiating fires and add challenges to emergency response and evacuation. Rapid urbanization and sprawling developments create numerous access points for fires, making it challenging for firefighting crews to swiftly contain blazes. Evacuating residents during a wildfire becomes a logistical puzzle, requiring meticulous planning and coordination among emergency services.
Mitigating and preparing for wildfires, particularly in wildland-urban interfaces, are critical concerns for the public and federal, state, and local governments. These efforts are essential to safeguard communities from potential losses and damages. Common fire mitigation strategies involve community planning, comprehensive fire and life safety regulations, and stringent building standards. Educating and preparing the local communities about the devastating effects of wildfires can help reduce human-ignited fires and improve emergency responses. Creating ample defensible space between structures by reducing vegetation helps decrease the speed of fire spread. Additionally, choosing WUI-compliant building materials during new and remodel construction can mitigate the impact of wildfires and minimize the risk of ignition.
Living on the edge of wildlands comes with the allure of natural beauty and the challenges of managing the inherent risks. The Wildland Urban Interface demands a proactive and collaborative approach to safeguard communities against the threat of wildfires. Through careful planning, education, and investment in firefighting resources, residents and policymakers can work together to create resilient communities that coexist with nature while minimizing the impact of potential disasters. As we continue to expand our urban footprint, understanding and addressing the complexities of the Wildland Urban Interface will be crucial for building a safer and more sustainable future.
In an unprecedented reversal of American history, the demographic landscape of the United States is undergoing a transformative shift. A growing number of Americans are choosing to relocate from major cities and metropolitan hubs to the outskirts, suburbs, and rural expanses, propelled by a multitude of factors. As individuals settle in and around diverse ecosystems such as forests, grasslands, and shrub lands—also known as wildland-urban interface (WUI) zone—ramifications of this population shift become more pronounced.
This migration trend unfolds against an increasingly pressing concern—climate change-induced wildfires across North America. The intricate interplay between human habitation and natural landscapes amplifies the challenges associated with wildfires. With rising temperatures and prolonged droughts heightening the risk of wildfires, a significant emphasis is placed on enhancing safety measures and protections in the WUI zone.
Introduction of Wildland Urban Interface Construction Codes
Over the years, with the escalating threat of wildfires, there has been a growing development of building codes tailored specifically for areas prone to wildfires.
The Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) provisions are typically integrated into state or local building codes. California is known for introducing its own set of WUI zone construction requirements within the California Building Code (CBC) in 2008. CBC regulations mandate that building products intended for use in the WUI zone or State Responsibility Area (SRA) must adhere to specific directives. The WUI construction code primarily aims to enforce heightened standards for fire resistance and ignition resistance in the built environment.
A home or building designed and constructed with meticulous attention to detail and the use of compliant building materials significantly enhances its chances of withstanding a wildfire. There are two common ways to identify optimal building products for properties located in wildfire-prone areas: opting for WUI-Compliant building products or selecting products listed under CAL FIRE Building Materials Listing Program.
WUI-Compliant Building Products
WUI-compliant products generally refer to products and materials that meet specific standards and regulations outlined for the Wildland-Urban Interface zones.
According to California Building Code (CBC), the minimum requirement for building envelope components, such as siding/cladding is that an exterior wall covering or wall assembly, shall comply with one of the following requirements:
Wall assemblies that have been tested in accordance with the test procedures for a 10-minute direct flame contact exposure test set forth in ASTM E2707 with the conditions of acceptance shown in Section 707A.3.1
Wall assemblies that meet the performance criteria in accordance with the test procedures for a 10-minute direct flame contact exposure test set forth in SFM Standard 12-7A-1.
CAL FIRE Building Materials Listing Program
CAL FIRE is a California state agency responsible for safeguarding natural resources within areas designated by the State Board of Forestry as State Responsibility Areas (SRA). In alignment with this mission, the Office of State Fire Marshal (OSFM) introduced the Building Materials Listing (BML) Program. This program serves as a comprehensive initiative aimed at evaluating and certifying a diverse array of building materials. Product manufacturers are required to pass rigorous testing conducted through laboratories accredited by the State Fire Marshal (SFM), ensuring their building materials meet stringent standards for the WUI zone.
The BML Program provide authorities, architects, engineers, contractors, and the fire services with a reliable and readily available source of information when they do not have a staff or subject matter expert to assess the building material quality.
There is a common belief that wood, being perceived as combustible and flammable, is not considered a safe material in proximity to fire. As a result, wood is often not the first come to mind when selecting building materials for building structures in wildfire-prone areas. As technology advances, reSAWN TIMBER co. addresses this challenge by innovatively modifying wood structures. The thermally modified wood offerings, Abodo and Sylva, can be more resistant to fire than untreated wood. The thermal treatment alters the chemical composition of the wood, leading to a decrease in the content of flammable substances within the material, while preserving the original aesthetic of wood.
As demographic trends evolve and more individuals relocate to wildland-urban interface (WUI) zones, architects, builders, and homeowners must stay well-informed about the escalating wildfire risk. This necessitates diligent research, selecting building materials by code requirements, and preserving aesthetic appeal throughout the construction process. Contact us to learn about what product works best for your project.
In this video & article, we discuss reSAWN’s Accoya modified wood offering which is prefinished with a waterborne exterior oil. Our one-coat (1C) and two-coat (2C) product offerings provide specifiers with the choice of a more saturated color if desired.
1C Option – Finished with 1 Coat
‘1C’ denotes Accoya wood that is prefinished with one coat of our proprietary exterior oil in the factory. There is no need to apply a second coat of finish post-install.
2C Option – Finished with 2 Coats
‘2C’ denotes Accoya wood that is prefinished with one coat of our proprietary exterior oil in the factory AND will require the installer to apply a second coat of finish post-install. This finish will be included on the sales order and shipped with the materials. Applying a second coat of finish post-install will further saturate the initial color of the cladding and extend the duration of the deeper color.
The video focuses on RAILAY 1C and RAILAY 2C, two of reSAWN’s Accoya wood products with a waterborne exterior oil.
Video Transcript:
Hi, I’m Diane with reSAWN TIMBER, and I’m here today to talk to you about several of our Accoya products that are available with 1C or 2C exterior finish. 1C indicates Accoya is prefinished with one of our exterior oils in the factory, and this does not require a second coat. 2C indicates Accoya is prefinished with one of our exterior oils in the factory, which will require a second coat onsite by the installer.
The big difference between 1C and 2C is the color saturation on day one and as it weathers over time. Applying a second coat of Accoya does enhance the initial color of the exterior cladding and it extends the life of that deeper color over time. However, if you choose not to apply that second coat of finish, that can be a cost savings for your project.
I’m here at the factory in Pennsylvania and we do testing of our own products outside on our weathering rigs. We test for aesthetics and performance. So here are two examples. This is RAILAY 1C and RAILAY 2C – these have been outside on our weathering rigs since September 2021. That is 10 months of accelerated weathering. It’s considered accelerated weathering because it’s on our rigs on a 45 degree angle facing due South.
reSAWN TIMBER co. Accelerated Weathering Rigs
So 10 months of accelerated weathering represents approximately 30 months on the job site. So you can see they are weathering a little bit differently, but yet they’re weathering beautifully. So as you have your project needs or requirements for exterior cladding and Accoya modified products, give us a call at reSAWN TIMBER and we’d be happy to help you out. Thanks!
RAILAY 1C – Day oneRAILAY 2C – Day one
What are the benefits of Accoya wood?
Performance: Tried and tested in the USA. Accoya wood is stable, water and rot-resistant, and comes with a warranty. Accoya wood is thoroughly tested and designed to perform with minimal movement (swell/shrink/distort). Accoya is indigestible by various insects, including termites, resulting in an effective barrier. With a 50-year above-ground and 25-year below-ground and freshwater warranty, Accoya wood can be specified with confidence and enjoyed for decades.
Finish: reSAWN’s carefully crafted Accoya products are thoroughly vetted and tested via reSAWN’s research and development processes to test the aesthetics and performance of the wood in addition to how it weathers. Materials will arrive on-site prefinished, with the option to apply a second coat if desired. Our proprietary finishing process combined with Accoya wood provides a beautiful, low-maintenance exterior siding option.
Sustainability: Sustainability is at the core of Accoya’s business and is part of the entire life cycle of the material, including sourcing, production, and recycling at the end of life. Accoya wood products are FSC® certified, have a low carbon footprint, and are non-toxic to people, pets, and the environment. Accoya wood is the only construction material to achieve Cradle to Cradle Platinum Certification™ for Material Health. Accoya wood siding specifications have a minimal environmental impact.
Sunset Hill featuring reSAWN TIMBER co. NIGIRI and YOSHIMI shou sugi ban charred Accoya
How is Accoya wood modified?
Accoya wood is modified through a process known as acetylation. Accoya takes radiata pine, a softwood, and subjects it to a vinegar known as acetic anhydride. Acetyls are naturally present in wood, and acetic anhydride enhances the hydroxyl groups, providing water-repelling characteristics. This process turns the softwood into a hardwood by preventing the cells in the wood from being able to absorb water. This vinegar is verified as non-toxic with Cradle to Cradle Certified Gold, scoring ‘Platinum’ for Material Health. This modification process gives Accoya its durability and rot and decay resistance.
Accoya wood accetylation process
Does Accoya wood require a lot of maintenance?
Not only is Accoya’s durability proven, but it has also been shown to retain its appearance, requiring much less frequent maintenance than other wood species. Since Accoya wood undergoes the acetylation modification process, it requires little to no maintenance. The modification process enhances the performance of Accoya wood, providing outstanding dimensional stability that results in lower maintenance frequency and therefore less coating over the lifetime of the product.
Accoya wood doesn’t require recoat maintenance. However, if the desire is to get back to that day one color, we do recommend a recoat for aesthetic purposes. Maintenance and recoating guidelines vary by product. Contact reSAWN TIMBER co. for product-specific information.
Samples of our Through Body Color Accoya products are available for architects and designers at no cost and shipped via UPS Ground. Click on the button below to order samples.
Using sustainable building materials in the built environment is a top priority now, more than ever. Building and designing a structure in the modern era should include consideration for the long-lasting impact of all facets of the design and build process. Due to this shift in focus on sustainable building materials, wood flooring and exterior wood cladding are frequently sought out as sustainable building materials to specify. In addition to its environmental and sustainability attributes, wood has multiple benefits, including its aesthetic qualities, versatility, structural stability, and availability.
Environmental & Structural Benefits of Using Wood Cladding as an Exterior Building Material
According to the Environmental and Energy Study Institute, residential and commercial buildings are responsible for almost 40 % of U.S. carbon dioxide emissions1. Fortunately, utilizing exterior wood cladding helps to offset the emissions.
Wood is a carbon sink: Trees absorb carbon from the environment and hold onto the carbon through their life cycle – from a tree to building material. They use the energy from carbon dioxide in the air, sunlight, and water from the roots to create nutrients that fuel the rest of the tree. This means that solid wood building materials have a net-negative C02 profile, which helps reduce carbon emissions.
Source: Building Information Foundation, RTS; CEI-Bois
Wood has low embodied energy: Embodied energy is the total energy needed for extraction, processing, manufacturing, and delivery of building materials to a building site. Wood requires minimal energy to produce and install when compared to other building materials such as steel and concrete.
Wood has low thermal conductivity: Structures built with real wood cladding require less energy to heat and cool since wood is a natural insulator.
Renewable resource: Real wood is renewable, recyclable, and biodegradable meaning it will have less of an impact on the environment throughout its lifecycle.
Durability: When properly maintained, exterior wood cladding can stand the test of time. This makes wood an eco-friendly choice compared to other materials that require more maintenance or replacement. Different finishing processes can also help extend the life of the cladding.
Dimensional stability: Wood’s superior dimensional stability helps it perform well when exposed to the elements such as the sun, snow, and rain.
Source: Lignum June 2012
Benefits of Wood Based Designs in Interior Applications
Americans spend a whopping 93 percent of their lives indoors breathing in recycled air. What most don’t realize is the air we breathe indoors is on average 2X to 5X more toxic than what we breathe outdoors due to insufficient ventilation, synthetic building materials, and volatile organic compounds (VOC) from a variety of products and materials. Thus, for many people, the health risks related to indoor air pollution may be greater than that of outdoor exposure.
Incorporating natural materials such as real wood flooring into a built environment helps to reduce blood pressure, heart rates, and stress levels, whilst improving well-being, creativity, cognitive abilities, and the air we breathe. Wood flooring is a timeless option, as it has been a favored building material for years. With multiple species, finish options, color variations, widths, and grade options, it can easily match any design aesthetic. When properly installed and maintained, wood floors can outlast many other flooring materials. reSAWN offers solid and engineered construction wood flooring that not only looks great but is sustainable as well.
Long-Lastingand Durable: Whether solid or engineered construction, wood flooring is durable and can withstand the wear and tear of everyday life. This durability means a longer lifecycle for the product, especially when refinishing is considered instead of replacing. A recent report from Bona found a 78% carbon footprint reduction when refinishing rather than replacing wood floors2.
Better Air Quality: The EPA found that wood flooring improves overall air quality3. Wood flooring minimizes the acclimation of dust, dander, and other pollutants due to its solid surface. Choosing a finish that has a low to zero VOC content is also attributed to the air quality. reSAWN’s Hardwax-Oil finish is non-pollutant and completely non-toxic. It does not contain biocides, preservatives, or lead-benzene and is 100% VOC-free.
Biophilic Design: Numerous studies have found incorporating aspects of nature into the built environment, such as real wood flooring, can help the mental health and wellbeing of the building’s occupants.
reSAWN TIMBER co. KIP European White Oak flooring
reSAWN TIMBER co. provides new and reclaimed wood products for architectural specifications for flooring. Our carefully curated offering includes modern finishes on reclaimed woods and newly harvested wood species. We provide only the highest quality materials milled to our exacting standards and finished in a way that enhances the natural beauty of the wood. Our extensive offering includes solid & engineered construction, wide plank flooring, and FSC® woods.
Certifications for Green Building Initiatives
There are many certification programs that are often used by architects, designers, homeowners, and builders as guidelines and a solid framework for sustainable building initiatives. Although different programs have varying levels of standards, they all focus on building a healthier, more sustainable future in both the commercial and residential building sectors. At reSAWN TIMBER co. we focus on LEED®, Forest Stewardship Council (FSC®), and The Living Building Challenge.
LEED
LEED, also known as Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, is the most widely used green building certification system in the world. LEED-certified buildings save money, improve efficiency, lower carbon emissions, and create healthier places for people. Most projects, whether it’s new construction, a renovation, or an interior fit-out can apply for LEED credits.
A project earns LEED points/credits by following guidelines relating to carbon, energy, water, waste, transportation, materials, health, and indoor environmental quality. Points can be earned for each recognized green building feature. The more points obtained, the higher level of certification a project can achieve. The different levels of certification include LEED Certified, LEED Silver, LEED Gold, or LEED Platinum. A 2014 UC Berkeley study4 found that by building to LEED standards, buildings contributed 50% fewer greenhouse gasses than conventionally constructed buildings due to water consumption, 48% fewer greenhouse gasses due to solid waste, and 5% fewer greenhouse gases due to transportation.
Nixon Peabody – LEED Platinum Certified – reSAWN TIMBER co. Rift and Quarter Sawn White Oak Fooring
According to LEED:
35% of credits are related to climate change
20% of credits directly impact human health
15% of credits impact water resources
10% of credits affect biodiversity
10% of credits related to the green economy
5% of credits impact the community
5% of credits impact natural resources
A factor of LEED certification is material selection. Material selection can affect many aspects of a project, including comfort, air quality, and human health. reSAWN TIMBER co. lists earnable credits on all our products, so you can know firsthand what credits your project qualifies for. Some of the common credits reSAWN products qualify for include certified wood, rapidly renewable materials, and low-emitting materials.
FSC®
FSC®, also known as the Forest Stewardship Council, focuses on responsibly managed forests as a way to extend trees’ natural carbon sequestration throughout their lifecycle. FSC’s mission is to promote environmentally appropriate, socially beneficial, and economically viable management of the world’s forests. Two types of certification are offered, Chain of Custody and Forest Management. The certifications provide an honest, transparent look into the path the products take from the forest to a finished FSC® certified product.
reSAWN TIMBER co. – IKIGAI Shou Sugi Ban Charred FSC® Certified Accoya Exterior Cladding and Roofing
FSC® chain of custody certification assures that products sold with an FSC® claim originate from well-managed forests, controlled sources, or reclaimed materials. It includes the multiple stages of the product, including sourcing, processing, trading, and distribution. Certificate holders are also required to implement the FSC® core labor requirements in their operations, ensuring the organization does not partake in forced labor or discrimination in employment. reSAWN holds a Chain of Custody certificate, allowing most reSAWN products to be certified in 1 of 3 categories: FSC® 100%, FSC® Mix, and FSC® Recycled.
Living Building Challenge
The International Living Future Institute is leading the transformation toward a civilization that is socially just, culturally rich, and ecologically restorative. They understand that humanity needs to reconcile its relationship with the natural world and leave it better than it was found. ILFI offers many certifications and challenges to better the built environment, including the Living Building Challenge, Living Product Challenge, Living Community Challenge, and Zero Energy and Zero Carbon certification.
The Living Building Challenge is a philosophy, advocacy tool, and certification program for sustainable buildings. The challenge’s goals focus on resource conservation and sustainable practices in the architecture, design, and construction of all buildings while connecting the communities and their inhabitants to the world surrounding them. These goals can apply to new construction, existing buildings, landscape or infrastructure, and internal projects in the residential and commercial sectors. The program is constantly evolving – the current standard is The Living Building Challenge 4.0. They use a flower with seven petals, or Imperatives, of actionable standards to build and design for a Living Future.
Place: The Place petal focuses on understanding and honoring the place where the built environment stands while honoring, protecting, and enhancing the ecology surrounding the project.
Water: The Water petal focuses on an inherent understanding of the value of water – minimizing waste, avoiding pollution, using less, and not using potable water for irrigation to ensure responsible water use.
Energy: The Energy petal focuses on renewable energy that helps the building operate in an energy-efficient and pollution-free manner, minimizing carbon emissions related to energy.
Health & Happiness: The Health & Happiness petal focuses on creating healthy spaces that allow natural light, healthy air, and a healthy interior environment that benefits the project’s occupants and the nature surrounding it.
Materials: The Materials petal focuses on building materials that are non-toxic and ecologically restorative while being transparent about their ingredients. 50% of wood products must be FSC®, salvaged, or harvested on-site either for the purpose of clearing the area for construction or to restore or maintain the continued ecological function of the site. The remainder must be from low-risk sources5. The project must also contain one Declare label product per approximately 2,153 square feet of gross building area.
Equity: The Equity petal focuses on creating and nurturing communities that are just and inclusive, enabling all people to prosper and reach their full potential. This includes making the building accessible to all while ensuring that the building is mutually beneficial for its inhabitants and the community it supports.
Beauty: The Beauty petal focuses on connecting to nature through biophilic design. A beautiful building starts with people and nature and their symbiotic relationships to place, climate, culture, and community.
As of April 2019, ILFI reported 563 registered Living Building projects in 29 countries. Abodo Vulcan Cladding received the Declare label from the International Living Future Institute, affirming their products are Red List Free, making it an excellent building material choice. reSAWN TIMBER co. is proud to be the exclusive manufacturer and distributor of Abodo thermally modified Vulcan cladding, slats, and decking products in the USA.
Sustainability: A Pillar of Who We Are at reSAWN TIMBER co.
Aside from offering FSC® certified wood products and our contributions to LEED-certified projects, reSAWN is committed to the goals of sustainable building through the use of non-toxic finishes, reclaimed woods, FSC® certified modified woods and new products that are sustainably sourced.
reSAWN TIMBER co. was founded in 2009 by offering sustainable, low-VOC finishes to the architectural and design community in the Philadelphia area. From our humble beginnings 13 years ago to today, sustainability has and always will be a core value of our business.
reSAWN TIMBER co. is committed to working with Architects and Designers to create sustainable products that highlight wood’s natural beauty. We believe in making only high-quality products that are durable and meant to last for many years, which reduces building waste.
Net Zero Energy McDonald’s at Walt Disney World – Bay Lake, Florida – reSAWN TIMBER co. HALLO Charred Kebony® Slats
reSAWN’s extensive offering includes products that are:
FSC®certified – Accoya and Abodo modified wood products are FSC®-certified. Most of our flooring is available FSC® certified. (FSC® C122513)
Carbon negative – Abodo Vulcan Cladding’s release of their Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) included that Abodo Vulcan Cladding is carbon negative.
Cradle to Cradle Certified – Accoya is Cradle to Cradle Gold certified, due to the products’ environmental credentials and sustainable long life
Low to Zero VOC Finished Products– reSAWN’s versatile product offering includes finishes that are plant-based, low VOC, and Zero VOC.
Reclaimed offering – reSAWN’s reclaimed wood preserves the unique beauty of antique wood and comes from a variety of sources throughout the Appalachian Region.
LEED point eligible – Numerous reSAWN products qualify for LEED credits that range from rapidly renewable resource to low-emitting materials.
Locally sourced species– With Cypress sourced in the Southern United States, Alaskan Yellow Cedar sourced along the North American Pacific Coast from the California-Oregon border to Southern Alaska, and Western Red Cedar from the Pacific Northwest region; we offer wood cladding options that are sustainably harvested in the USA.
Backed by warranties – Our Modified wood offering includes Kebony, Abodo, and Accoya wood. Kebony is backed by a 30-year outdoor warranty, Abodo offers a 15-year warranty against fungal decay, and Accoya offers a 50-year above-ground warranty and a 25-year at/below ground level warranty.
Dune House ft. IRUKA shou sugi ban Cypress utilized passive building principlesCorwith Residence ft. SVERTE shou sugi ban Kebony cladding – Net Zero Home
We are continually improving our techniques and finishes; based on the needs in the building materials market, the observations of experienced industry leaders, and a first-hand understanding of customer desires and expectations.
reSAWN products can assist you in achieving your project goals in aesthetics, performance, and sustainability – all at the same time. Contact us today to connect with the local reSAWN representative in your area to learn more about our sustainable product offering.
